It is not uncommon for endodontic issues to bereduced to numbers, whereas important approachescould be taken. More than the tissue that constitutesthe end portion of the canal an in what condition itis in, the apical working limit is discussed from theperspective of its extension. Hence the strength of “0to 2.0 mm” below root apex in the determination ofthe working length, as established by the endodonticliterature.

Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the apicalextrusion of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) gel andsolution using a new apical negative pressure system(ANP) in immature permanent teeth. Methods: Across over study was done on 30 single rooted humanimmature premolars with different apical foramen dimensions.Teeth were decoronated and accessed. Measurementof the apical foramen mesiodistal dimensionswas done radiographically and the surface area was determinedon Adobe Photoshop® to assess...

Introduction: Apical periodontitis (AP) is a critical endodonticinfection with many failures reported, extra attentionis required in the treatment while traditional endodontictherapy for pulp necrosis might not be enough.Objective: This study aimed at analyzing the clinicalprotocols adopted in the treatment of Apical Periodontitis(AP) in a Brazilian dental school sample. Method:Protocols for the treatment of AP were assessed at Brazilianpublic universities. Twenty dental schools wereconsidered...

Introduction: The determination of canal length is essentialto the success of endodontic treatment. The objectiveof this study was to compare the effect of digitalradiographic measurement tools and of radicular accessin determining root canal length. Materials and methods:Twenty-nine lower molars, inside a wax and plastersupport, were radiographed with a digital sensor. Aftercoronary opening and after cervical preflaring, direct measurementof the root canals and new radiographs...

the success of endodontic procedures, which is influencedby appropriate delivery of irrigation solution throughout theroot canal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperativepain followed root canal treatment on uniradicularteeth performed varying depth of irrigation needle penetration.Methods: Forty-six patients were divided into 2groups (n = 23): the 1-mm group, with needle penetrationto 1 mm short of the working length, and the 3-mm group,which the needle penetration was 3 mm...

Introduction: Root canal obturation plays an essentialfunction in the preservation of the endodontic treatment,being the sealer responsible for main functions, like sealing,elimination of remaining bacteria and filling of irregularities.However, to achieve success in the treatmentand obtain an excellent long-term sealing, some physicalproperties of the cement are necessary, fitting into parametersfor the ideal endodontic sealer. The objectiveof this study was to quantitatively evaluate the...

Introduction: This report of two cases presents the treatmentof perforation and root resorption using MTA highplasticitycement. Methods: In the first clinical case, aperforation in the palatal root of an maxillary first molarwas sealed with MTA HP and then endodontic retreatmentwas performed. In the second clinical case, a root resorptionin an maxillary lateral incisor was treated by exchangingcalcium hydroxide medication and final obturation withMTA HP. Results: For the root perforation,...

Introduction: Longitudinal tooth fractures of intact orclass I restored teeth are not common. Ageing and a betterawareness of cracked teeth may explain the increasing ofreported cases. The aim of this report is to describe twocases of longitudinal tooth fracture split teeth, with differentcrack orientations, in an intact superior premolar and aclass I restored mandibular molar. Methods: Clinical assessmentof the two cases reported to describe diagnosisand treatment of split teeth. The...

Introduction: The establishment of a correct workinglength during the root canal treatment is a primordial stepfor endodontic success, but the anatomical complexity ofthe apical region of the root canal system creates challengesthat restrains access by endodontic instrumentation.Aim: this case series describes 3 different anatomicalvariations of the apical foramen position, discuss theimportance of the correct diagnosis and knowledge ofthe root canal system, for the success in the...

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the surgicalresolution of a persistent endodontic infection causedby Actinomyces sp biofilm in decompensated diabetic patient.Case report: A 53-year-old woman, with insulinresistantdiabetes mellitus, complained about pain andswelling in the region of upper right lateral incisor (tooth#12), which had been endodontically treated 38 yearsearlier. After endodontic retreatment, the tooth remainedsymptomatic. Thus, apical surgery was performed, andthe...

Introduction: Dens invaginatus (DI) is associated with acomplex internal dental anatomy. The aim of this study wasreporting a case of non-surgical treatment of Oehlers’ typeIII DI associated with an extent apical lesion in a mandibularcentral incisor, in which cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) played an important role in the diagnosis andtreatment planning. Case report: A 17-year-old male,complaining of pain and swelling, was referred for endodontictreatment of the right mandibular...